Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) is a common viral infection that causes sores or blisters on various parts of the body, most often around the mouth (oral herpes) or in the genital area (genital herpes). The virus is highly contagious and spreads through direct contact. It is a lifelong condition, but symptoms can be managed effectively with antiviral medication.

Key Features

• Caused by two types: HSV-1 (often oral) and HSV-2 (often genital)
• Transmitted through skin-to-skin contact, often during sexual activity or kissing
• Virus remains dormant in the body and can reactivate periodically
• Symptoms involve painful blisters that rupture and form sores
• Highly common infection worldwide

Possible Symptoms

• Small, painful blisters or open sores (ulcers) in the genital, anal, or oral areas
• Itching, tingling, or burning sensation around the affected area before an outbreak
• Flu-like symptoms during the initial outbreak (fever, body aches, swollen glands)
• Pain during urination
• Recurrent episodes of sores, though typically less severe than the initial outbreak

What Causes It?

Herpes is caused by the transmission of the Herpes Simplex Virus. The primary causes and triggers for outbreaks include:

• Unprotected sexual intercourse (vaginal, anal, or oral)
• Direct contact with an infected sore or lesion
• Stress, which can trigger dormant virus reactivation
• Weakened immune system due to illness or medication
• Hormonal changes (e.g., menstruation)
• Excessive friction in the infected area

Severity Types

• Asymptomatic: No visible symptoms, but the person is still a carrier and can transmit the virus
• Mild/Infrequent: Occasional, minor outbreaks that heal quickly
• Moderate/Frequent: Regular, manageable outbreaks that require episodic or suppressive antiviral therapy
• Severe: Frequent, painful, or prolonged outbreaks that significantly impact quality of life

While there is no cure for HSV, the condition is highly manageable. With appropriate medical consultation, antiviral medications (such as valacyclovir or acyclovir), and open communication with partners, individuals with herpes can lead healthy and fulfilling lives.