Chlamydia is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections (STIs) caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis. It is often called a "silent" infection because the majority of infected people have no symptoms. It can infect both men and women, affecting the cervix, urethra, rectum, throat, and eyes. Though easily cured with antibiotics, untreated chlamydia can cause serious reproductive and other health problems.

Key Features

• Caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis
• Majority of cases (up to 75% in women, 50% in men) are asymptomatic
• Transmitted through vaginal, anal, or oral sex
• Can cause irreversible damage to reproductive organs if left untreated
• Easily detected via urine test or swab and cured with antibiotics

Possible Symptoms

• Abnormal vaginal discharge or discharge from the penis
• Burning sensation while urinating
• Pain in the lower abdomen or pelvic region
• Pain during sexual intercourse in women
• Testicular pain and swelling in men
• Rectal pain, discharge, or bleeding
• Eye discharge, redness, or irritation (if the eye is infected)

What Causes It?

Chlamydia is transmitted through bacterial infection during sexual activities. Causes and risk factors include:

• Unprotected sexual contact (vaginal, anal, or oral) with an infected person
• Having multiple sexual partners
• History of previous STIs
• Sexual contact with someone who has multiple partners
• Lack of consistent and correct use of barrier methods like condoms

Severity Types

• Asymptomatic/Undetected: No symptoms, high risk of transmission and future complications
• Localized: Infection confined to the primary site (cervix, urethra, rectum)
• Complicated/Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID): Infection spreads to the reproductive organs in women, causing chronic pain and potential infertility
• Epididymitis: Infection spreading to the tubes near the testicles in men, causing pain and potential infertility
• Lymphogranuloma Venereum (LGV): A more severe form of chlamydia that causes swollen lymph nodes in the groin area (less common)

Regular screening for Chlamydia is essential for sexually active individuals to prevent long-term health complications. The infection is easily curable with a simple course of antibiotics. Early detection and treatment protect both the individual's health and their sexual partners.